点上方 ↑“ 中 小学生阅读” 关注更多资讯 ！
●阅读应当成为吸引学生爱好的最重要的发源地。我的教育信念的真理之一，便是无比相信书的教育力量。——苏霍姆林斯基
时态无疑是初中英语最重要的语法内容，学好时态基本就拿下了语法的半壁江山。今天总结的八种时态是大家在初中阶段必学必考的，期末复习时一定要加倍重视哦！（温馨提示：不要忘记收藏哦，用时好找）
英语八大时态：
1
一般现在时
标志：动词原形
She often speaks English.
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
He seems to feel a bit down today.
He works as a driver.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Here comes the bus!
1) 表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词），可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。如：
The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
How often does the shuttle bus run?
2) 在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情：
When Bill comes (不用will come), ask him to wait for me.
I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy.
2
一般过去时
标志：动词过去式
*闭音节：元音字母a, e, i, o, u如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节，否则称为闭音节。
Jim rang you just now.
Liu Ying was in America last year.
When I was a kid, I often played football in the street.
She used to visit her mother once a week.
*注意区分sb. used to do sth.（某人过去常常做某事，此处to是动词不定式标志符号）和sb. be used to sth./doing sth.（某人习惯于某物/做某事，此处to是介词）。
I wondered if you could have a word with me.
I hoped you could help me with my English.
Would you mind my sitting here?
It is time that sb. did sth. “某人该做某事了”
would rather sb. did sth. “宁愿某人做某事”
3
一般将来时
标志：will / shall + 动词原形
We shall have a lot of rain next month.
My husband will come back in a few days.
Fish will die without water.
When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.
1) will / shall + 动词原形
多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情（“将会如何”）
*shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称
2) be going to + 动词原形
表示即将发生或打算要做的事：
It is going to rain.
We are going to have a meeting today.
3) be to + 动词原形
表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作：
He is to visit Japan next year.
We are to discuss the report on Monday.
4) be about to + 动词原形
表示即将发生的动作，意为“马上要做某事”，后面一般不跟时间状语，如：
The plane is about to start.
Don’t worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.
4
现在进行时
标志：be + 动词的现在分词
She is writing a letter upstairs.
Who are you waiting for?
It is raining hard.
I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.
John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid.
He is always thinking of others first.
1) 表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，仅适用于部分趋向动词（如go, come, leave, start, arrive等）。如：
Uncle Wang is coming.
They"re leaving for Beijing.
2) 在时间和条件状语从句中，现在进行时表示将来某时正在发生的事情。如：
Please drop in when you are passing my way.
If he is still sleeping, don’t wake him up.
5
过去进行时
标志：was / were + 动词的现在分词
I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.
They were watching TV at home last night.
My brother was always losing his keys.
He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.
Granny fell asleep when she was reading.
It was raining when they left the station.
6
现在完成时
标志：have / has + 动词的过去分词
He has left the city. （结果：他目前不在这个城市）
Someone has broken the window. （结果：窗户破了）
I have been busy since last week.
He has taught in our school for 30 years.
I’ve finished half so far.
注意 瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的，但其否定结构则可以。如：
She hasn’t seen you for ages.
His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week.
I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go the park.
能与现在完成时连用的词语很多，just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等，但常见的有：
1) since 自从
I have been there many times since the war.
We haven’t seen each other since last week.
We have been friends ever since.
2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在过去/最近…中
I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.
Great changes have take place in the last ten years.
I have been here (for) the last/past month.
3) so far 到目前为止
We haven’t had any trouble so far.
So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.
4) up to/until now 到现在为止
Up to now he’s been quiet.
Up to now, the work has been easy.
I have heard nothing from him up till now.
Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.
5) It is/will be the first/second … time that … 这是第一/二…次…
It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.
It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public.
It is the second time (that) I have met him today.
6) This is + 形容词最高级 + that … 这是最…
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
1) 现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果，与现在有联系；
而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去，不涉及对现在的影响。如：
I have seen this film. （我已经看过了这部电影）
I saw this film yesterday. （我是昨天看的这部电影）
2) 现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用（如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等），或者干脆没有时间状语；
而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用（如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等）。
3) 现在完成时表示持续时一般使用延续性动词（如live, teach, work, know等）；
而一般过去时常使用瞬间动词（如begin, buy, die, marry等）。如：
He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.
My grandfather bought the car five years ago.
1) 考生容易把一些瞬间动词用现在完成时表达，这是错误的。如：
(×) He has died for two years. 他死了两年了。
(√) He has been dead for two years.
(√) He died two years ago.
(×) The film has begun for 10 minutes. 电影开演十分钟了。
(√) The film has been on for 10 minutes.
(√) The film began 10 minutes ago.
(×) She has married for three years. 她结婚有三年了。
(√) She has been married for three years.
(√) She married Mike three years ago.
2) 考生不懂如何区分have been to和have gone to，尽管两者均可后接地点，但have been to表示去过某地（现在已经回来了），have gone to表示到某地去了（现在还没回来）。如：
She has been to Paris (three times).
She has gone to Paris.
7
过去完成时
标志：had + 动词的过去分词
By the end of last week he had finished the work.
He had left when I arrived.
We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.
The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.
I had intended to visit you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come.
I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.
1) 基本区别：过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。如：
He studied there two years ago.他两年前在那儿学习（离现在两年）
He said he had studied there two years before.他说他两年前在那儿学习过。（离他说话时两年）
2) 特别注意：两个动作如果按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或者用then, and, but等连词连接时，多用一般过去时。如：
When she saw the mouse, she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
8
过去将来时
标志：would + 动词原形
He said he would come here next Friday.
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble.
The old man would sit on a bench in the quite park for hours without doing anything.
When I worked on that farm, I would get up at 5 am.
If I were you, I would not do that.
If he were here, he would show us how to do it.
1) was / were going to + 动词原形。如：
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.
She said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.
2) was / were to + 动词原形。如：
The building was to be completed next month.
Li Lei was to arrive soon.
3) was / were about to + 动词原形。如：
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang.
本文转载自网络。以上图文，版权归原作者及原出处所有。
